Network engineers, nyob rau saum npoo, tsuas yog "cov neeg ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis" uas tsim, ua kom zoo dua, thiab daws cov teeb meem sib txuas, tab sis qhov tseeb, peb yog "thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv" hauv cybersecurity. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2024 CrowdStrike tau qhia tias kev tawm tsam thoob ntiaj teb tau nce los ntawm 30%, nrog cov tuam txhab Suav raug kev poob qis tshaj 50 billion yuan vim muaj teeb meem cybersecurity. Cov neeg siv khoom tsis saib xyuas seb koj puas yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm lossis tus kws tshaj lij kev ruaj ntseg; thaum muaj xwm txheej network tshwm sim, tus kws ua choj yog thawj tus raug liam. Tsis txhob hais txog kev siv dav dav ntawm AI, 5G, thiab huab sib txuas, uas tau ua rau cov neeg nyiag nkas 'txoj kev tawm tsam ntau dua. Muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm nrov ntawm Zhihu hauv Suav teb: "Network engineers uas tsis kawm kev ruaj ntseg tau txiav lawv tus kheej txoj kev khiav tawm!" Cov lus no, txawm tias hnyav, muaj tseeb.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, kuv yuav muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog yim qhov kev tawm tsam hauv network, los ntawm lawv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog cov tswv yim tiv thaiv, ua kom nws ua tau raws li qhov ua tau. Txawm hais tias koj yog tus neeg tuaj tshiab lossis cov qub tub rog caij nyoog tab tom nrhiav kom nce koj cov kev txawj ntse, qhov kev paub no yuav ua rau koj tswj hwm koj cov haujlwm ntau dua. Cia peb pib!
No.1 DDoS Attack
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) tawm tsam dhau lub hom phiaj cov servers lossis cov tes hauj lwm nrog ntau cov tsheb khiav tsis raug, ua rau lawv nkag tsis tau rau cov neeg siv raug cai. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li SYN dej nyab thiab UDP dej nyab. Hauv 2024, Cloudflare daim ntawv tshaj tawm qhia tias DDoS tawm tsam suav txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov kev tawm tsam hauv network.
Xyoo 2022, lub lag luam e-lag luam tau raug DDoS nres ua ntej Singles 'Hnub, nrog cov tsheb khiav mus txog 1Tbps, ua rau lub vev xaib poob rau ob teev thiab ua rau poob ntawm kaum lab lab yuan. Ib tug phooj ywg ntawm kuv tau ua tus saib xyuas cov lus teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab yuav luag tau tsav vwm los ntawm lub siab.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Flow Cleaning:Siv CDN lossis DDoS cov kev pabcuam tiv thaiv (xws li Alibaba Cloud Shield) txhawm rau lim cov tsheb tsis zoo.
○Bandwidth Redundancy:Txuag 20% -30% ntawm bandwidth los tiv thaiv cov tsheb khiav ceev.
○Saib xyuas tswb:Siv cov cuab yeej (xws li Zabbix) los saib xyuas cov tsheb khiav hauv lub sijhawm thiab ceeb toom ntawm qhov txawv txav.
○Kev npaj xwm txheej kub ntxhov: Koom tes nrog ISPs kom hloov kab sai sai lossis thaiv qhov chaw nres.
No.2 SQL Txhaj
Hackers txhaj cov SQL tsis zoo rau hauv lub vev xaib nkag teb lossis URLs los nyiag cov ntaub ntawv database lossis kev puas tsuaj. Xyoo 2023, OWASP tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau hais tias kev txhaj tshuaj SQL tseem yog ib qho ntawm peb qhov kev tawm tsam sab saum toj.
Ib lub lag luam me me rau nruab nrab lub vev xaib raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tus neeg nyiag khoom uas tau txhaj "1 = 1" nqe lus, yooj yim tau txais tus thawj tswj hwm tus password, vim tias lub vev xaib ua tsis tiav los lim cov neeg siv tswv yim. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias pab pawg txhim kho tsis tau siv cov tswv yim siv tau txhua.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Parameterized lus nug:Cov neeg tsim tawm Backend yuav tsum siv cov lus npaj kom tsis txhob sib txuas ncaj qha SQL.
○WAF Department:Web daim ntawv thov firewalls (xws li ModSecurity) tuaj yeem thaiv kev thov tsis zoo.
○Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tsis tu ncua:Siv cov cuab yeej (xws li SQLMap) txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo thiab rov qab cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej patching.
○Access Control:Cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tso cai tsuas yog cov cai tsawg kawg nkaus kom tsis txhob muaj kev tswj hwm tag nrho.
No.3 Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack
Hla-site scripting (XSS) tawm tsam nyiag cov neeg siv khoom qab zib, kev sib tham IDs, thiab lwm cov ntawv tsis zoo los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv nplooj ntawv web. Lawv raug cais rau hauv kev xav, khaws cia, thiab DOM-raws li kev tawm tsam. Xyoo 2024, XSS suav txog 25% ntawm tag nrho cov vev xaib tawm tsam.
Lub rooj sab laj ua tsis tiav los lim cov neeg siv cov lus pom, tso cai rau cov neeg nyiag nkas ntxig cov ntawv sau thiab nyiag cov ntaub ntawv nkag los ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg siv. Kuv tau pom cov xwm txheej uas cov neeg siv khoom raug rho tawm rau CNY500,000 yuan vim qhov no.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Input filtering: Tshem tawm cov neeg siv tswv yim (xws li HTML encoding).
○CSP Strategy:Qhib cov ntsiab lus kev ruaj ntseg cov cai los txwv cov ntawv sau.
○Browser tiv thaiv:Teem HTTP headers (xws li X-XSS-Protection) los thaiv cov ntawv tsis zoo.
○Tool Scan:Siv Burp Suite tsis tu ncua tshawb xyuas XSS qhov tsis zoo.
No.4 Password Cracking
Hackers tau txais tus neeg siv lossis tus thawj tswj tus password los ntawm kev tawm tsam brute-force, kev tawm tsam phau ntawv txhais lus, lossis kev tsim vaj tsev sib raug zoo. Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2023 Verizon tau qhia tias 80% ntawm cyber intrusion muaj feem xyuam rau cov passwords tsis muaj zog.
Ib lub tuam txhab lub router, siv lub neej ntawd lo lus zais "admin," tau yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv los ntawm tus neeg nyiag zaub uas tau cog lus rau sab nraum qab. Cov kws ua haujlwm koom nrog tom qab raug rho tawm haujlwm, thiab tus thawj tswj hwm kuj tau lav ris.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Complex Passwords:Force 12 lossis ntau dua cov cim, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, cov lej, thiab cov cim.
○Multi-factor Authentication:Qhib MFA (xws li SMS pov thawj code) ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.
○Kev Tswj Password:Siv cov cuab yeej (xws li LastPass) los tswj lub hauv paus thiab hloov lawv tsis tu ncua.
○Txwv kev sim:Qhov chaw nyob IP raug kaw tom qab peb qhov kev nkag tsis tau ua tiav los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam brute-force.
No.5 Man-in-the-middle Attack (MITM)
Hackers cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg siv thiab servers, cuam tshuam lossis cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pej xeem Wi-Fi lossis kev sib txuas lus tsis tau encrypted. Hauv 2024, MITM kev tawm tsam suav txog 20% ntawm kev nqus pa hauv network.
Lub khw kas fes Wi-Fi raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg nyiag nkas, ua rau cov neeg siv poob kaum tawm txhiab nyiaj thaum lawv cov ntaub ntawv raug cuam tshuam thaum nkag mus rau hauv txhab nyiaj lub vev xaib. Cov kws kho tsheb tom qab pom tias HTTPS tsis raug cai.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Force HTTPS:Lub vev xaib thiab API tau encrypted nrog TLS, thiab HTTP yog neeg xiam.
○Certificate Verification:Siv HPKP lossis CAA kom ntseeg tau tias daim ntawv pov thawj muaj kev ntseeg siab.
○Kev tiv thaiv VPN:Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yuav tsum siv VPN txhawm rau txhawm rau nkag mus.
○ARP tiv thaiv:Saib xyuas ARP lub rooj kom tiv thaiv ARP spoofing.
No.6 Phishing Attack
Hackers siv spoofed emails, cov vev xaib, lossis cov ntawv xov xwm los ntxias cov neeg siv kom nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis nyem rau ntawm qhov txuas tsis zoo. Hauv 2023, phishing tawm tsam suav txog 35% ntawm cybersecurity xwm txheej.
Ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab tau txais email los ntawm ib tus neeg thov tias yog lawv tus thawj coj, thov kom hloov nyiaj, thiab tau poob ntau lab. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias email sau yog cuav; tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis tau txheeb xyuas nws.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Kev cob qhia neeg ua haujlwm:Tsis tu ncua ua cybersecurity kev paub txog kev qhia paub yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas phishing emails.
○Email lim:Siv lub qhov rooj tiv thaiv phishing (xws li Barracuda).
○Domain Verification:Txheeb xyuas tus neeg xa ntawv sau npe thiab qhib DMARC txoj cai.
○Kev lees paub ob npaug:Kev khiav hauj lwm rhiab heev yuav tsum muaj kev txheeb xyuas hauv xov tooj lossis ntawm tus kheej.
No.7 Ransomware
Ransomware encrypts cov neeg raug tsim txom cov ntaub ntawv thiab xav kom tus nqe txhiv rau decryption. Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm 2024 Sophos qhia tias 50% ntawm cov lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau ntsib kev tawm tsam ransomware.
Lub tsev kho mob lub network tau cuam tshuam los ntawm LockBit ransomware, ua rau lub cev tuag tes tuag taw thiab raug tshem tawm ntawm kev phais. Cov kws tsim khoom siv sijhawm ib lub lim tiam rov qab cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau muaj kev poob loj.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Tsis tu ncua thaub qab:Off-site thaub qab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab kev sim cov txheej txheem rov qab.
○Patch Management:Hloov kho tshuab thiab software sai sai los ntsaws qhov tsis zoo.
○Kev saib xyuas tus cwj pwm:Siv cov cuab yeej EDR (xws li CrowdStrike) txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus cwj pwm tsis zoo.
○Isolation Network:Segmenting rhiab systems tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob.
No.8 Zero-day Attack
Zero-hnub tawm tsam siv cov software tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, ua rau lawv nyuaj heev los tiv thaiv. Xyoo 2023, Google tau tshaj tawm qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm 20 qhov kev pheej hmoo siab xoom-hnub tsis zoo, ntau yam uas tau siv rau kev tawm tsam cov saw hlau.
Ib lub tuam txhab siv SolarWinds software tau cuam tshuam los ntawm xoom-hnub qhov tsis zoo, cuam tshuam rau nws cov saw hlau tag nrho. Cov kws kho tsheb tsis muaj kev pab thiab tsuas tuaj yeem tos ib thaj.
Yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
○Intrusion Detection:Siv IDS/IPS (xws li Snort) los saib xyuas cov tsheb khiav tsis zoo.
○Sandbox Analysis:Siv lub sandbox cais cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg thiab txheeb xyuas lawv tus cwj pwm.
○Threat Intelligence:Sau npe mus rau cov kev pabcuam (xws li FireEye) kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
○Yam tsawg kawg nkaus:Txwv tsis pub software tso cai los txo qhov chaw nres.
Cov tswv cuab hauv network, hom kev tawm tsam uas koj tau ntsib? Thiab koj tau ua li cas rau lawv? Wb sib tham txog qhov no ua ke thiab ua haujlwm ua ke kom peb cov tes hauj lwm muaj zog!
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-05-2025
