Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub network architecture, VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) thiab VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network) yog ob lub network virtualization ntau tshaj plaws. Tej zaum lawv yuav zoo sib xws, tab sis qhov tseeb muaj ntau qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb.
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
VLAN yog Virtual Local Area Network (Virtual local area network) abbreviation. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem uas faib cov khoom siv lub cev hauv LAN rau hauv ntau lub subnets raws li kev sib raug zoo. VLAN tau teeb tsa ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lub network los faib cov khoom siv hauv network rau hauv pawg sib txawv. Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw, VLAN tso cai rau lawv kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib lub network, ua kom yooj yim tswj thiab cais tawm.
Lub hauv paus ntawm VLAN thev naus laus zis nyob hauv kev faib cov chaw hloov chaw. Hloov tswj kev khiav tsheb raws li VLAN ID (VLAN tus cim). VLAN ids nyob ntawm 1 txog 4095 thiab feem ntau yog 12 tus lej binary (piv txwv li, qhov ntau ntawm 0 txog 4095), uas txhais tau hais tias qhov hloov pauv tuaj yeem txhawb nqa txog 4,096 VLans.
Kev ua haujlwm
○ VLAN Identification: Thaum lub pob ntawv nkag mus rau qhov hloov pauv, qhov hloov pauv txiav txim siab rau qhov twg VLAN cov pob ntawv yuav tsum raug xa mus raws li cov ntaub ntawv VLAN ID hauv pob ntawv. Feem ntau, IEEE 802.1Q raws tu qauv yog siv rau VLAN tag cov ntaub ntawv ncej.
○ VLAN Broadcast Domain: Txhua VLAN yog tus tshaj tawm xov xwm ywj pheej. Txawm hais tias ntau VLans nyob rau tib lub cev hloov pauv, lawv cov kev tshaj tawm raug cais tawm ntawm ib leeg, txo qis kev tshaj tawm tsis tsim nyog.
○ Cov ntaub ntawv xa mus: Tus hloov pauv xa cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau qhov chaw sib txuas raws li cov cim VLAN sib txawv. Yog tias cov khoom siv ntawm VLans sib txawv xav tau kev sib txuas lus, lawv yuav tsum tau xa mus los ntawm txheej 3 li, xws li routers.
Piv txwv tias koj muaj ib lub tuam txhab nrog ntau lub tuam tsev, txhua tus siv VLAN sib txawv. Nrog rau kev hloov, koj tuaj yeem faib tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv chav saib xyuas nyiaj txiag rau hauv VLAN 10, cov hauv chav muag khoom rau hauv VLAN 20, thiab cov nyob hauv chav haujlwm technical rau hauv VLAN 30. Ua li no, lub network ntawm cov tuam haujlwm raug cais tag nrho.
Qhov zoo
○ Txhim Kho Kev Ruaj Ntseg: VLAN tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tsis tau txais kev tso cai ntawm VLans sib txawv los ntawm kev faib cov kev pabcuam sib txawv rau ntau lub network.
○ Network Traffic Management: Los ntawm faib VLans, tshaj tawm cov cua daj cua dub tuaj yeem zam tau thiab lub network tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Cov pob ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsuas yog nthuav tawm hauv VLAN, txo kev siv bandwidth.
○ Network Flexibility: VLAN tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub network raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hauv lub tuam txhab nyiaj txiag tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau tib VLAN txawm tias lawv nyob hauv lub cev sib txawv.
Kev txwv
○ Txwv tsis pub Scalability: Raws li VLans tso siab rau cov kev hloov pauv ib txwm muaj thiab txhawb nqa txog 4096 VLans, qhov no tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub tog raj kheej rau cov tes hauj lwm loj lossis qhov chaw virtualized loj.
○ Cov teeb meem kev sib txuas sib txuas: VLAN yog ib lub network hauv zos, kev sib txuas lus hla VLAN yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm peb txheej hloov lossis router, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm lub network.
Daim ntawv thov Scenario
○ Kev rho tawm thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv Enterprise Networks: VLans tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tes hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov koom haum loj lossis cov chaw sib koom ua ke. Kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub network tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev faib cov chaw sib txawv lossis kev lag luam hauv VLAN. Piv txwv li, lub tuam txhab nyiaj txiag feem ntau yuav nyob hauv VLAN sib txawv los ntawm R & D department kom tsis txhob muaj kev tso cai nkag.
○ Txo Cov Cuab Yeej Tshaj Tawm: VLAN pab txo qis kev tshaj tawm xov xwm. Nquag, cov pob ntawv tshaj tawm yuav raug nthuav tawm thoob plaws hauv lub network, tab sis nyob rau hauv VLAN ib puag ncig, kev tshaj tawm xov xwm tsuas yog nthuav tawm hauv VLAN, uas txo qis lub nra ntawm lub network los ntawm cua daj cua dub tshaj tawm.
○ Me me lossis Nruab Nrab Hauv Cheeb Tsam Network: Rau qee qhov kev lag luam me thiab nruab nrab, VLAN muab txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab siv tau los tsim kom muaj kev sib cais sib cais, ua rau kev tswj xyuas network hloov tau yooj yim.
VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network)
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) yog cov cuab yeej tshiab uas tau npaj los daws cov kev txwv ntawm cov tsoos VLAN hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj loj thiab ib puag ncig virtualization. Nws siv thev naus laus zis encapsulation los hloov txheej 2 (L2) cov ntaub ntawv pob khoom los ntawm txheej txheej 3 (L3) network uas twb muaj lawm, uas tawg los ntawm kev txwv kev txwv ntawm VLAN.
Los ntawm tunneling technology thiab encapsulation mechanism, VXLAN "wraps" thawj txheej 2 cov ntaub ntawv packets nyob rau hauv txheej 3 IP cov ntaub ntawv packets, thiaj li hais tias cov ntaub ntawv packets yuav kis tau nyob rau hauv lub IP network uas twb muaj lawm. Lub hauv paus ntawm VXLAN nyob rau hauv nws cov encapsulation thiab unencapsulation mechanism, uas yog, cov tsoos L2 cov ntaub ntawv ncej yog encapsulated los ntawm UDP raws tu qauv thiab kis los ntawm IP network.
Kev ua haujlwm
○ VXLAN Header Encapsulation: Hauv kev siv VXLAN, txhua txheej 2 pob ntawv yuav raug encapsulated ua UDP pob ntawv. VXLAN encapsulation suav nrog: VXLAN network identifier (VNI), UDP header, IP header thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
○ Tunnel Terminal (VTEP): VXLAN siv tunneling thev naus laus zis thiab cov pob ntawv tau ntim thiab tsis ntim khoom los ntawm ib khub ntawm VTEP li. VTEP, VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, yog tus choj txuas VLAN thiab VXLAN. Lub VTEP encapsulates cov tau txais L2 pob ntawv li VXLAN pob ntawv thiab xa lawv mus rau qhov chaw VTEP, uas nyob rau hauv lem unencapsulates cov encapsulated pob ntawv rau hauv thawj L2 pob ntawv.
○ Cov txheej txheem encapsulation ntawm VXLAN: Tom qab txuas VXLAN header rau lub pob ntawv cov ntaub ntawv qub, cov ntaub ntawv pob ntawv yuav raug xa mus rau qhov chaw VTEP los ntawm IP network. Lub hom phiaj VTEP decapsulates lub pob ntawv thiab xa mus rau tus neeg txais qhov tseeb raws li VNI cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov zoo
○ Scalable: VXLAN txhawb nqa txog 16 lab virtual Networks (VNI), ntau dua li VLAN's 4096 tus cim, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov chaw loj cov ntaub ntawv thiab huab ib puag ncig.
○ Cross-data Center Support: VXLAN tuaj yeem txuas lub network virtual ntawm ntau lub chaw cov ntaub ntawv hauv thaj chaw sib txawv, rhuav tshem cov kev txwv ntawm VLAN ib txwm muaj, thiab tsim nyog rau kev siv huab niaj hnub thiab virtualization ib puag ncig.
○ Simplify Data Center Network: Los ntawm VXLAN, cov khoom siv kho vajtse los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam, txhawb nqa ntau tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim network ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj.
Kev txwv
○ High Complexity: Kev teeb tsa ntawm VXLAN yog qhov nyuaj, suav nrog qhov thaiv qhov thaiv, VTEP teeb tsa, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv cov txheej txheem kev txhawb nqa thiab ua rau kom qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas.
○ Network Latency: Vim muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem encapsulation thiab unencapsulation, VXLAN tuaj yeem qhia qee lub network latency, txawm hais tias qhov latency no feem ntau me me, tab sis tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hauv qhov kev ua haujlwm siab xav tau ib puag ncig.
VXLAN Application Scenario
○ Data Center Network Virtualization: VXLAN yog siv dav hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam loj. Cov servers hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv feem ntau siv tshuab virtualization, VXLAN tuaj yeem pab tsim lub network virtual ntawm cov servers sib txawv, zam kev txwv ntawm VLAN hauv kev nthuav dav.
○ Ntau tus neeg xauj tsev huab ib puag ncig: Hauv huab huab pej xeem lossis ntiag tug, VXLAN tuaj yeem muab kev ywj pheej virtual network rau txhua tus neeg xauj tsev thiab txheeb xyuas txhua tus neeg xauj tsev virtual network los ntawm VNI. Qhov no feature ntawm VXLAN yog zoo suited rau niaj hnub huab xam thiab ntau tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig.
○ Network Scaling Across Data Centers: VXLAN yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej uas cov network virtual yuav tsum tau siv thoob plaws ntau lub chaw cov ntaub ntawv lossis thaj chaw. Vim VXLAN siv IP tes hauj lwm rau encapsulation, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim nthuav dav cov chaw sib txawv thiab thaj chaw thaj chaw kom ua tiav virtual network nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb.
VLAN vs VxLAN
VLAN thiab VXLAN yog ob qho tib si network virtualization technologies, tab sis lawv tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv. VLAN yog tsim rau me me lossis nruab nrab scale network ib puag ncig, thiab tuaj yeem muab kev sib cais hauv network thiab kev nyab xeeb. Nws lub zog nyob hauv nws txoj kev yooj yim, yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa, thiab kev txhawb nqa dav.
VXLAN yog ib qho cuab yeej tsim los tiv thaiv qhov xav tau ntawm kev nthuav dav hauv network loj hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv niaj hnub thiab huab huab huab cua. Lub zog ntawm VXLAN yog nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm los txhawb ntau lab tus virtual networks, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev xa cov network virtualized hla cov chaw zov me nyuam. Nws tawg los ntawm kev txwv ntawm VLAN nyob rau hauv scalability, thiab yog haum rau ntau complex network tsim.
Txawm hais tias lub npe ntawm VXLAN zoo li yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm VLAN, qhov tseeb, VXLAN tau sib txawv ntawm VLAN los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov tunnels virtual. Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm lawv yog raws li nram no:
Feature | VLAN | VXLAN |
|---|---|---|
| Txuj | IEEE 802.1 Q | RFC 7348 (IETF) |
| Txheej | Txheej 2 (Data Link) | Txheej 2 dhau txheej 3 (L2oL3) |
| Encapsulation | 802.1Q Ethernet header | MAC-hauv-UDP (encapsulated hauv IP) |
| ID Loj | 12-ntsis (0-4095 VLANs) | 24-ntsis (16.7 lab VNIs) |
| Scalability | Limited (4094 siv tau VLANs) | Muaj peev xwm loj heev (txhawb cov huab cua ntau tus neeg nyob) |
| Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm | Kev nyab xeeb ib txwm (hauv VLAN) | Siv IP multicast lossis head-end replication |
| Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm | Tsawg (4-byte VLAN tag) | Siab (~ 50 bytes: UDP + IP + VXLAN headers) |
| Kev cais tsheb | Yog (rau VLAN) | Yog (rau VNI) |
| Tunneling | Tsis muaj tunneling (pav L2) | Siv VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints) |
| Siv Cases | Me me / nruab nrab LANs, kev lag luam network | Cloud data centers, SDN, VMware NSX, Cisco ACI |
| Tsob Ntoo Tsob Ntoo (STP) Dependency | Yog (kom tiv thaiv loops) | Tsis yog (siv Txheej 3 routing, zam STP teeb meem) |
| Kev them nyiaj yug Hardware | Txhawb nqa ntawm txhua lub keyboards | Yuav tsum muaj VXLAN-muaj peev xwm keyboards / NICs (los yog software VTEPs) |
| Mobility Support | Txwv (hauv tib lub npe L2) | Zoo dua (VMs tuaj yeem hla cov subnets) |
Mylinking ™ Network Packet Broker ua dab tsi rau Network Virtual Technology?
VLAN Tagged, VLAN Untagged, VLAN Hloov:
Txhawb kev sib txuam ntawm txhua qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv thawj 128 bytes ntawm pob ntawv. Tus neeg siv tuaj yeem hloov kho tus nqi offset thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntev thiab cov ntsiab lus, thiab txiav txim siab txoj cai tso tawm tsheb raws li tus neeg siv teeb tsa.
Tunnel Encapsulation Stripping:
Txhawb nqa VxLAN, VLAN, GRE, GTP, MPLS, IPIP header stripped hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv pob khoom thiab xa tawm.
Tunneling Protocol Identification
Kev txhawb nqa tau txheeb xyuas ntau yam kev cai tunneling xws li GTP / GRE / PPTP / L2TP / PPPOE / IPIP. Raws li tus neeg siv kev teeb tsa, lub tswv yim tsim tawm tsheb tuaj yeem siv tau raws li cov txheej txheem sab hauv lossis txheej txheej ntawm lub qhov.
Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas ntawm no kom paub meej ntxiv txog qhov cuam tshuamNetwork Packet Broker.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-25-2025
