Yuav kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov kev pabcuam huab, lub network maj mam muab faib ua Underlay thiab Overlay. Lub Underlay network yog cov khoom siv lub cev xws li kev xa thiab hloov pauv hauv lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj, uas tseem ntseeg hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab muab cov peev xwm xa cov ntaub ntawv network txhim khu kev qha. Overlay yog lub network lag luam encapsulated rau nws, ze rau qhov kev pabcuam, los ntawm VXLAN lossis GRE protocol encapsulation, los muab cov neeg siv nrog cov kev pabcuam network yooj yim siv. Underlay network thiab Ooverlay network muaj feem cuam tshuam thiab sib cais, thiab lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Lub Underlay network yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub network. Yog tias lub underlay network tsis ruaj khov, tsis muaj SLA rau kev lag luam. Tom qab peb txheej network architecture thiab Fat-Tree network architecture, lub data center network architecture tab tom hloov mus rau Spine-Leaf architecture, uas tau coj mus rau hauv daim ntawv thov thib peb ntawm CLOS network qauv.
Cov qauv tsim ntawm lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj
Tsim Peb Txheej
Txij xyoo 2004 txog 2007, cov qauv network peb-txheej tau nrov heev hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Nws muaj peb txheej: txheej tseem ceeb (lub pob txha hloov pauv ceev ceev ntawm lub network), txheej sib sau ua ke (uas muab kev sib txuas raws li txoj cai), thiab txheej nkag mus (uas txuas cov chaw ua haujlwm rau lub network). Tus qauv yog raws li nram no:
Peb-txheej Network Architecture
Txheej Tseem Ceeb: Cov core switches muab kev xa mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv sai, kev sib txuas rau ntau txheej sib sau ua ke, thiab lub network L3 routing uas feem ntau ua haujlwm rau tag nrho lub network.
Txheej Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke: Lub qhov hloov sib sau ua ke txuas rau qhov hloov nkag thiab muab lwm yam kev pabcuam, xws li firewall, SSL offload, kev tshawb nrhiav kev nkag mus, kev tshuaj xyuas network, thiab lwm yam.
Txheej Nkag Mus: Cov qhov hloov nkag mus feem ntau nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub khib, yog li lawv kuj hu ua ToR (Sab saum toj ntawm lub khib) cov qhov hloov, thiab lawv txuas nrog lub cev rau cov servers.
Feem ntau, qhov kev hloov pauv sib sau ua ke yog qhov chaw sib cais ntawm L2 thiab L3 tes hauj lwm: L2 tes hauj lwm nyob hauv qab qhov kev hloov pauv sib sau ua ke, thiab L3 tes hauj lwm nyob saum toj. Txhua pawg ntawm cov kev hloov pauv sib sau ua ke tswj hwm Point Of Delivery (POD), thiab txhua POD yog lub network VLAN ywj pheej.
Network Loop thiab Spanning Tree protocol
Qhov kev tsim cov voj voog feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis meej pem los ntawm txoj kev tsis meej. Thaum cov neeg siv tsim cov tes hauj lwm, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab, lawv feem ntau siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua thiab cov kev sib txuas rov ua dua, yog li cov voj voog raug tsim tsis tau. Lub network txheej 2 nyob hauv tib lub npe tshaj tawm, thiab cov pob ntawv tshaj tawm yuav raug xa rov qab ntau zaus hauv lub voj voog, tsim kom muaj cua daj cua dub tshaj tawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov chaw nres nkoj thaiv thiab cov khoom siv tuag tes tuag taw hauv ib pliag. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cua daj cua dub tshaj tawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov voj voog.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev tsim cov voj voog thiab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab, tsuas yog ua tau kom tig cov khoom siv rov ua dua thiab cov kev sib txuas rov ua dua mus rau hauv cov khoom siv thaub qab thiab cov kev sib txuas thaub qab. Ntawd yog, cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua raug thaiv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj thiab tsis koom nrog kev xa cov ntaub ntawv pob ntawv. Tsuas yog thaum lub cuab yeej xa mus tam sim no, chaw nres nkoj, kev sib txuas tsis ua haujlwm, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo hauv network, cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua yuav raug qhib, yog li lub network tuaj yeem rov qab los rau qhov qub. Qhov kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg no yog siv los ntawm Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
Tus txheej txheem ntoo spanning ua haujlwm ntawm txheej nkag thiab txheej dab dej, thiab ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog tus txheej txheem ntoo spanning khiav ntawm txhua tus choj STP-enabled, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb los zam kev sib txuas ua ke thaum muaj cov kev rov ua dua. STP xaiv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev xa cov lus thiab tsis pub cov kev sib txuas uas tsis yog ib feem ntawm tsob ntoo spanning, tawm tsuas yog ib txoj kev nquag ntawm ob lub network nodes thiab lwm qhov uplink yuav raug thaiv.
STP muaj ntau yam zoo: nws yooj yim, ntsaws thiab ua si, thiab xav tau kev teeb tsa me ntsis. Cov tshuab hauv txhua lub pod koom nrog tib lub VLAN, yog li lub server tuaj yeem tsiv qhov chaw nyob hauv lub pod yam tsis tas hloov chaw nyob IP thiab lub rooj vag.
Txawm li cas los xij, STP tsis tuaj yeem siv cov kev xa mus rau lwm qhov sib luag, uas yuav ua rau cov kev rov ua dua tsis ua haujlwm hauv VLAN tas li. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm STP:
1. Kev sib sau ua ke qeeb ntawm topology. Thaum lub network topology hloov pauv, cov txheej txheem ntoo spanning siv sijhawm 50-52 vib nas this los ua kom tiav qhov kev sib sau ua ke topology.
2, tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav. Thaum muaj lub voj voog hauv lub network, cov txheej txheem ntoo spanning tsuas yog tuaj yeem thaiv lub voj voog, yog li qhov txuas tsis tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv pob ntawv, thiab pov tseg cov peev txheej network.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Virtual thiab Kev Sib Tw Tsheb Thauj Mus Los Sab Hnub Tuaj-Sab Hnub Poob
Tom qab xyoo 2010, txhawm rau txhim kho kev siv cov peev txheej suav thiab khaws cia, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv tau pib siv cov thev naus laus zis virtualization, thiab ntau lub tshuab virtual tau pib tshwm sim hauv lub network. Cov thev naus laus zis virtual hloov pauv lub server mus rau ntau lub server logical, txhua lub VM tuaj yeem khiav ntawm nws tus kheej, muaj nws tus kheej OS, APP, nws tus kheej MAC chaw nyob thiab IP chaw nyob, thiab lawv txuas rau lub cev sab nraud los ntawm lub virtual switch (vSwitch) hauv lub server.
Kev ua virtual muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua nrog: kev tsiv mus rau lwm lub tshuab virtual, lub peev xwm txav ib lub tshuab virtual los ntawm ib lub server mus rau lwm lub thaum tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov tshuab virtual. Cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv kawg, cov thawj coj tuaj yeem faib cov peev txheej server tau yooj yim, lossis kho thiab hloov kho cov servers lub cev yam tsis cuam tshuam rau kev siv ib txwm ntawm cov neeg siv.
Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev pabcuam tsis raug cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm hloov chaw, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis yog tsuas yog qhov chaw nyob IP ntawm lub tshuab virtual tsis hloov pauv, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsum tswj hwm lub xeev khiav ntawm lub tshuab virtual (xws li lub xeev TCP session) thaum lub sijhawm hloov chaw, yog li qhov kev hloov chaw dynamic ntawm lub tshuab virtual tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv tib txheej 2 domain, tab sis tsis hla txheej 2 domain migration. Qhov no tsim kom muaj qhov xav tau L2 domains loj dua los ntawm txheej nkag mus rau txheej tseem ceeb.
Qhov sib faib ntawm L2 thiab L3 hauv cov qauv loj txheej 2 network yog nyob ntawm lub core switch, thiab lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv hauv qab lub core switch yog ib qho chaw tshaj tawm tiav, uas yog, L2 network. Ua li no, nws tuaj yeem paub txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev xa khoom siv thiab kev tsiv chaw, thiab nws tsis tas yuav hloov kho qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm IP thiab lub rooj vag. Cov L2 networks sib txawv (VLans) raug xa mus los ntawm cov core switches. Txawm li cas los xij, lub core switch nyob rau hauv cov qauv no yuav tsum tswj hwm lub rooj MAC thiab ARP loj heev, uas tso cov kev xav tau siab rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub core switch. Tsis tas li ntawd, Access Switch (TOR) kuj txwv qhov loj ntawm tag nrho lub network. Cov no thaum kawg txwv qhov loj ntawm lub network, kev nthuav dav network thiab kev muaj peev xwm ywj pheej, qhov teeb meem qeeb thoob plaws peb txheej ntawm kev teem sijhawm, tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam yav tom ntej.
Nyob rau sab tes tod, cov tsheb khiav sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob uas coj los ntawm kev siv tshuab virtualization kuj coj cov teeb meem rau lub network peb txheej ib txwm muaj. Cov tsheb khiav ntawm chaw khaws ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
Kev thauj mus los sab qaum teb-sab qab teb:Kev khiav tsheb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sab nraum lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv thiab lub server ntawm lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, lossis kev khiav tsheb ntawm lub server ntawm lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem.
Tsheb khiav sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob:Kev khiav tsheb ntawm cov servers hauv lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, nrog rau kev khiav tsheb ntawm cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv sib txawv, xws li kev rov qab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov huab ntiag tug thiab pej xeem.
Kev qhia txog thev naus laus zis virtualization ua rau kev xa cov ntawv thov ntau dua thiab faib ntau dua, thiab "qhov tshwm sim sab nraud" yog tias cov tsheb khiav sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob nce ntxiv.
Cov qauv vaj tse peb txheej ib txwm muaj feem ntau yog tsim los rau kev tsheb khiav sab qaum teb-sab qab teb.Txawm hais tias nws siv tau rau kev khiav tsheb sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob, thaum kawg nws yuav ua tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau.
Cov qauv vaj tse peb-tier ib txwm muaj piv rau cov qauv vaj tse Spine-Leaf
Hauv ib lub qauv peb-tier, kev khiav tsheb sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob yuav tsum tau xa mus los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov txheej sib sau ua ke thiab cov txheej tseem ceeb. Tsis tas yuav hla dhau ntau lub nodes. (Server -> Access -> Aggregation -> Core Switch -> Aggregation -> Access Switch -> Server)
Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj ntau qhov kev sib txuas lus sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob khiav los ntawm cov qauv network peb-tier, cov khoom siv txuas nrog tib lub qhov chaw nres nkoj hloov pauv yuav sib tw rau bandwidth, ua rau cov neeg siv kawg tau txais lub sijhawm teb tsis zoo.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv network peb txheej ib txwm muaj
Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov qauv network peb txheej ib txwm muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo:
Kev pov tseg bandwidth:Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev looping, STP protocol feem ntau yog khiav ntawm txheej aggregation thiab txheej access, yog li ntawd tsuas yog ib qho uplink ntawm qhov access switch nqa traffic tiag tiag, thiab lwm qhov uplinks yuav raug thaiv, ua rau nkim bandwidth.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tso chaw hauv network loj:Nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm lub network scale, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv tau muab faib rau ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, cov tshuab virtual yuav tsum tau tsim thiab tsiv mus rau txhua qhov chaw, thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv network xws li IP chaw nyob thiab gateways tseem tsis tau hloov pauv, uas xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov rog Layer 2. Hauv cov qauv ib txwm muaj, tsis muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tuaj yeem ua tau.
Tsis muaj tsheb khiav sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob:Lub network architecture peb-tier feem ntau yog tsim los rau North-South traffic, txawm hais tias nws kuj txhawb nqa sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob traffic, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tseeb. Thaum sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob traffic loj, lub siab ntawm cov txheej aggregation thiab cov txheej core yuav nce ntxiv heev, thiab qhov loj me thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm network yuav raug txwv rau cov txheej aggregation thiab cov txheej core.
Qhov no ua rau cov lag luam poob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm tus nqi thiab kev nthuav dav:Kev txhawb nqa cov tes hauj lwm loj uas muaj kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum muaj ntau cov khoom siv sib sau ua ke thiab cov khoom siv txheej tseem ceeb, uas tsis yog tsuas yog coj tus nqi siab rau cov lag luam xwb, tab sis kuj xav kom lub network yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej thaum tsim lub network. Thaum lub network me me, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev pov tseg ntawm cov peev txheej, thiab thaum lub network txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, nws nyuaj rau nthuav dav.
Lub Tsev Tsim Kho Network Spine-Leaf
Lub Spine-Leaf network architecture yog dab tsi?
Txhawm rau teb rau cov teeb meem saum toj no,ib qho kev tsim qauv tshiab ntawm chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, Spine-Leaf network architecture, tau tshwm sim, uas yog qhov peb hu ua leaf ridge network.
Raws li lub npe qhia, cov qauv vaj tse muaj ib txheej Spine thiab ib txheej Leaf, suav nrog cov hloov pauv spinal thiab cov hloov pauv nplooj.
Lub Tsev Tsim Qauv Nplooj Ntoos Hlav
Txhua lub nplooj hloov pauv txuas nrog txhua lub pob hloov pauv, uas tsis txuas ncaj qha rau ib leeg, tsim cov topology tag nrho.
Hauv spine-and-leaf, kev sib txuas los ntawm ib lub Server mus rau lwm qhov dhau los ntawm tib tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv (Server -> Leaf -> Spine Switch -> Leaf Switch -> Server), uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj latency kwv yees tau. Vim tias ib pob ntawv tsuas yog yuav tsum mus dhau ib lub spine thiab lwm nplooj kom mus txog qhov chaw.
Spine-Leaf ua haujlwm li cas?
Nplooj Hloov: Nws zoo ib yam li qhov hloov nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv peb-txheej ib txwm muaj thiab txuas ncaj qha rau lub cev server ua TOR (Top Of Rack). Qhov sib txawv nrog qhov hloov nkag mus yog tias qhov chaw faib ntawm L2/L3 network tam sim no nyob rau ntawm nplooj hloov. Nplooj hloov nyob saum toj ntawm 3-txheej network, thiab nplooj hloov nyob hauv qab ntawm L2 tshaj tawm ywj pheej, uas daws qhov teeb meem BUM ntawm 2-txheej network loj. Yog tias ob lub nplooj servers xav tau kev sib txuas lus, lawv yuav tsum siv L3 routing thiab xa nws mus rau Spine switch.
Spine Switch: Sib npaug rau lub core switch. ECMP (Equal Cost Multi Path) yog siv los xaiv ntau txoj kev ntawm Spine thiab Leaf switches. Qhov txawv yog tias Spine tam sim no tsuas yog muab lub network L3 routing rau Leaf switch, yog li cov tsheb khiav sab qaum teb-sab qab teb ntawm lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem xa mus los ntawm Spine switch es tsis yog ncaj qha. Cov tsheb khiav sab qaum teb-sab qab teb tuaj yeem xa mus los ntawm ntug switch sib luag rau Leaf switch mus rau WAN router.
Kev sib piv ntawm Spine/Leaf network architecture thiab cov qauv network peb txheej ib txwm muaj
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Spine-Leaf
Tiaj tiaj:Ib qho kev tsim qauv tiaj tiaj ua rau txoj kev sib txuas lus luv dua ntawm cov servers, ua rau muaj qhov latency qis dua, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam.
Kev nthuav dav zoo:Thaum qhov bandwidth tsis txaus, kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov ridge switches tuaj yeem nthuav dav kab rov tav. Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov servers nce, peb tuaj yeem ntxiv cov leaf switches yog tias qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis txaus.
Txo tus nqi: Kev khiav tsheb mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, tawm ntawm cov nplooj ntoos lossis tawm ntawm cov kab ntawm cov kab. Kev ntws mus rau sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob, faib rau ntau txoj kev. Ua li no, lub network ntawm cov nplooj ntoos tuaj yeem siv cov kev hloov kho tsis tu ncua yam tsis tas yuav siv cov kev hloov kho kim, thiab tom qab ntawd txo tus nqi.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ntshai thiab Kev Ntshai Tsawg:Cov ntaub ntawv ntws hauv Leaf ridge network muaj tib tus lej ntawm hops hla lub network tsis hais qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw mus, thiab ob lub servers yog Leaf - >Spine - >Leaf peb-hop uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag tau los ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no tsim kom muaj txoj kev thauj mus los ncaj qha dua, uas txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab txo cov teeb meem.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg Siab thiab Muaj Peev Xwm:Tus txheej txheem STP siv rau hauv cov qauv network peb-tier ib txwm muaj, thiab thaum lub cuab yeej ua tsis tiav, nws yuav rov sib koom ua ke, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub network lossis txawm tias ua tsis tiav. Hauv cov qauv leaf-ridge, thaum lub cuab yeej ua tsis tiav, tsis tas yuav rov sib koom ua ke, thiab cov tsheb khiav mus txuas ntxiv hla lwm txoj kev ib txwm muaj. Kev sib txuas ntawm lub network tsis raug cuam tshuam, thiab bandwidth tsuas yog txo los ntawm ib txoj kev, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau kev ua haujlwm.
Kev sib npaug ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm ECMP yog qhov zoo rau cov chaw uas siv cov platform tswj hwm network xws li SDN. SDN tso cai rau kev yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa, kev tswj hwm thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsheb khiav hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev thaiv lossis kev sib txuas tsis ua haujlwm, ua rau qhov kev sib npaug ntawm kev thauj khoom ntse tag nrho cov mesh topology yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los teeb tsa thiab tswj hwm.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv Spine-Leaf muaj qee qhov kev txwv:
Ib qho tsis zoo yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov hloov pauv ua rau lub network loj dua. Lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv network leaf ridge yuav tsum tau nce cov hloov pauv thiab cov khoom siv network raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov tswv tsev nce ntxiv, xav tau ntau cov hloov pauv nplooj kom txuas mus rau qhov hloov pauv ridge.
Kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm cov hloov pauv ntawm cov kab thiab cov nplooj yuav tsum tau sib phim, thiab feem ntau, qhov sib piv ntawm cov kab sib txuas ntawm cov nplooj thiab cov kab tsis pub tshaj 3: 1.
Piv txwv li, muaj 48 tus neeg siv khoom 10Gbps ntawm nplooj hloov nrog tag nrho qhov chaw nres nkoj muaj peev xwm ntawm 480Gb / s. Yog tias plaub qhov chaw nres nkoj 40G uplink ntawm txhua nplooj hloov txuas nrog 40G ridge hloov, nws yuav muaj peev xwm uplink ntawm 160Gb / s. Qhov piv yog 480: 160, lossis 3: 1. Cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv uplinks feem ntau yog 40G lossis 100G thiab tuaj yeem tsiv mus rau lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm qhov pib ntawm 40G (Nx 40G) mus rau 100G (Nx 100G). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov uplink yuav tsum ib txwm khiav sai dua li qhov downlink kom tsis txhob thaiv qhov chaw nres nkoj txuas.
Cov tes hauj lwm Spine-Leaf kuj muaj cov kev cai txuas hluav taws xob meej. Vim tias txhua lub nplooj ntoos yuav tsum txuas nrog txhua lub pob txha hloov, peb yuav tsum tso ntau cov xov tooj liab lossis fiber optic. Qhov deb ntawm qhov sib txuas ua rau tus nqi nce siab. Nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm cov pob txha hloov sib txuas, tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag siab uas xav tau los ntawm Spine-Leaf architecture yog kaum npaug ntau dua li ntawm cov qauv peb-tier ib txwm muaj, uas ua rau tus nqi xa tawm tag nrho nce siab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam optical module, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ceev ceev xws li 100G thiab 400G.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-26-2026
